What Is Physical Chemistry?

What Is Physical Chemistry?Physical Chemistry, the Science of Matter and its Physics is the study of the relationship between matter and the forces that govern the development of matter from the initial atomic particles to any complex life form, as well as the sub-atomic realm. It focuses on the entire chemical world and includes the study of all forms of matter including molecules, solids, liquids, gases, and vapors.Chemical bonding is an important aspect in this branch of science. It gives each type of molecule cohesion and provides structures that make it possible for molecules to be moved around and shape-shifted into different forms and volumes. Chemical bonding is also vital in the understanding of nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, and the base pairs, among others.Chemical bonding is the study of the interactions between chemical bonds, either hydrogen or halogen atoms and electrons. It involves three types of interactions, namely Coulomb, Faraday, and Fermi moments. The latter two are the most important in determining the stability of chemical bonds. Specific interactions are determined by the application of formulas that calculate the correlations among specific variables, while the third type of interactions can only be determined through laboratory experiments and calculations.Chemical bonding coordination are basically the same things. The term 'bonding' means that the bonds of the molecules are set up to bond to one another. In other words, the chemical bonds of the molecules are coordinated.There are two types of chemical bonds; ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bonds, the electron carries one valence electron and one anti-valence electron to the two covalent bonds. In covalent bonds, the two covalent bonds carry one valence electron and one negative charge. In most cases, covalent bonds give rise to far more bonds than ionic bonds, though they do have advantages.In more complex molecules, chemical bonds take on different forms. The polypeptide, fo r example, consists of several base pairs in a chain that makes up the peptide structure, where the structures include a single chain with many side chains.The goal of Physical Chemistry is to understand the properties of the materials and the chemical properties of a substance or molecule. It is used by professionals, students, and researchers.

October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges (Part IV)

October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges (Part IV) Check out whos taking up our Language Challenge! If youre taking the Language Challenge and really want to succeed, were giving away 50ITC if you make a Public Video Pledge! Why would you ever want to do this? (Click here for more details) Please take some time to motivate and encourage our Public Video Pledge Challengers by commenting on their Notebook entries! This is the fourth blog listing of October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges o_O And the Pledges just keep on coming! Watch them on our first 3 posts below: PART I HERE PART II HERE PART III HERE Hannah from Canada is learning Japanese Hannah seems pretty motivated: she loves the Japanese language and wants be more confident when speaking it. I totally understand, Japanese is a beautiful language. Its so soft and melodic, if you dont believe me check out her video below. You can tell her how good she sounds on her Notebook entry! Jan from the UK is learning Spain Jan came back from her trip to Spain a little frustrated. Hey, I get it, its hard speaking a language with native speakers when you lack the confidence. Thats what italki is for! Im sure the October Language Challenge will improve your Spanish in leaps and bounds. Spaniards of italki! Leave a comment on her Notebook entry! If I might venture a correction: conciencia means conscience. You probably meant to say confianza ?? Great accent btw!!! Paulo from Brazil is learning English Paulo is a Portuguese teacher learning English. Hes really good at it but he hopes that by the end of the challenge he will be able to speak without pausing as much. Paulo, complete the challenge and youll see how much better youll get! Fluency is just around the corner! He wrote down his objectives on his Notebook entry LilBrito from Spain is learning English LilBrito is definitely being too hard on herself, her English is already very good! But she wants to get it up to a professional level, and we commend her for that. By the end of the month she will be able to have job interviews in English like its nobodys business. Any tips? Write them here > Notebook entry Ian from the United States is learning Cebuano Cebuano is a language spoken in the Philippines by 20 million people, the largest native language community despite not being taught in schools (source: wikipedia). Ians goal > to be able to communicate with his family in Cebu, one of the noblest goals in my humble opinion. Do you have any similar stories? Direct them to his Notebook entry! Its remarkable how you can hear some spanish words in the mix! Tony from the United States is learning Korean Tonys goal is to learn Korean so that he can communicate better with all the Koreans living in Hawaii with him. Im no expert, but his accent seems pretty good! What do you guys think? Let him know on his Notebook entry! Sandrah from the United States is learning Catalan Its great to see another italki Challenge veteran take yet another Challenge. Were really impressed with Sandrah as she was one of the Challenge winners from World Cup Challenge. This time she is out to re-learn Catalan (a language she learned 4-5 years ago but completed forgot (or so she says as she speaks pretty fluently in her video below)). Give Sandrah some love in her Notebook entry! By the way, Sandrah is also a Community Tutor as well. Not sure how these guys pull of learning a language and teaching at the same time but more power to them! Liwin from the Netherlands is learning Chinese Liwin is NEW to italki and has decided to take the plunge immediately and learn Chinese. Shes starting a bit late so has some catch up to do. Shes studied Chinese for 4 years but never had an opportunity to start speaking it. At least with the Challenge, shell get 12 hours (or more) of speaking time! Were sure that she will do well though! Pierre Bredel from the Brazil is learning English Pierre Bredel is yet another Challenger champion having participated in our World Cup Challenge! This time around he is going to take on English (he learned French the last time). Cheer Pierre on by commenting on his Notebook entry! Joshua from the United States is learning Spanish Joshua sent us his Public Video Pledge! He wants to be able to speak more confidently by the end of the month, so that he can communicate with other Spanish-speakers fluently. Check out his video below and drop some words of encouragement on his Notebook entry! Buen ritmo Joshua! Mucha suerte con tu desafío ?? October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges (Part IV) Check out whos taking up our Language Challenge! If youre taking the Language Challenge and really want to succeed, were giving away 50ITC if you make a Public Video Pledge! Why would you ever want to do this? (Click here for more details) Please take some time to motivate and encourage our Public Video Pledge Challengers by commenting on their Notebook entries! This is the fourth blog listing of October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges o_O And the Pledges just keep on coming! Watch them on our first 3 posts below: PART I HERE PART II HERE PART III HERE Hannah from Canada is learning Japanese Hannah seems pretty motivated: she loves the Japanese language and wants be more confident when speaking it. I totally understand, Japanese is a beautiful language. Its so soft and melodic, if you dont believe me check out her video below. You can tell her how good she sounds on her Notebook entry! Jan from the UK is learning Spain Jan came back from her trip to Spain a little frustrated. Hey, I get it, its hard speaking a language with native speakers when you lack the confidence. Thats what italki is for! Im sure the October Language Challenge will improve your Spanish in leaps and bounds. Spaniards of italki! Leave a comment on her Notebook entry! If I might venture a correction: conciencia means conscience. You probably meant to say confianza ?? Great accent btw!!! Paulo from Brazil is learning English Paulo is a Portuguese teacher learning English. Hes really good at it but he hopes that by the end of the challenge he will be able to speak without pausing as much. Paulo, complete the challenge and youll see how much better youll get! Fluency is just around the corner! He wrote down his objectives on his Notebook entry LilBrito from Spain is learning English LilBrito is definitely being too hard on herself, her English is already very good! But she wants to get it up to a professional level, and we commend her for that. By the end of the month she will be able to have job interviews in English like its nobodys business. Any tips? Write them here > Notebook entry Ian from the United States is learning Cebuano Cebuano is a language spoken in the Philippines by 20 million people, the largest native language community despite not being taught in schools (source: wikipedia). Ians goal > to be able to communicate with his family in Cebu, one of the noblest goals in my humble opinion. Do you have any similar stories? Direct them to his Notebook entry! Its remarkable how you can hear some spanish words in the mix! Tony from the United States is learning Korean Tonys goal is to learn Korean so that he can communicate better with all the Koreans living in Hawaii with him. Im no expert, but his accent seems pretty good! What do you guys think? Let him know on his Notebook entry! Sandrah from the United States is learning Catalan Its great to see another italki Challenge veteran take yet another Challenge. Were really impressed with Sandrah as she was one of the Challenge winners from World Cup Challenge. This time she is out to re-learn Catalan (a language she learned 4-5 years ago but completed forgot (or so she says as she speaks pretty fluently in her video below)). Give Sandrah some love in her Notebook entry! By the way, Sandrah is also a Community Tutor as well. Not sure how these guys pull of learning a language and teaching at the same time but more power to them! Liwin from the Netherlands is learning Chinese Liwin is NEW to italki and has decided to take the plunge immediately and learn Chinese. Shes starting a bit late so has some catch up to do. Shes studied Chinese for 4 years but never had an opportunity to start speaking it. At least with the Challenge, shell get 12 hours (or more) of speaking time! Were sure that she will do well though! Pierre Bredel from the Brazil is learning English Pierre Bredel is yet another Challenger champion having participated in our World Cup Challenge! This time around he is going to take on English (he learned French the last time). Cheer Pierre on by commenting on his Notebook entry! Joshua from the United States is learning Spanish Joshua sent us his Public Video Pledge! He wants to be able to speak more confidently by the end of the month, so that he can communicate with other Spanish-speakers fluently. Check out his video below and drop some words of encouragement on his Notebook entry! Buen ritmo Joshua! Mucha suerte con tu desafío ?? October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges (Part IV) Check out whos taking up our Language Challenge! If youre taking the Language Challenge and really want to succeed, were giving away 50ITC if you make a Public Video Pledge! Why would you ever want to do this? (Click here for more details) Please take some time to motivate and encourage our Public Video Pledge Challengers by commenting on their Notebook entries! This is the fourth blog listing of October Language Challenge Public Video Pledges o_O And the Pledges just keep on coming! Watch them on our first 3 posts below: PART I HERE PART II HERE PART III HERE Hannah from Canada is learning Japanese Hannah seems pretty motivated: she loves the Japanese language and wants be more confident when speaking it. I totally understand, Japanese is a beautiful language. Its so soft and melodic, if you dont believe me check out her video below. You can tell her how good she sounds on her Notebook entry! Jan from the UK is learning Spain Jan came back from her trip to Spain a little frustrated. Hey, I get it, its hard speaking a language with native speakers when you lack the confidence. Thats what italki is for! Im sure the October Language Challenge will improve your Spanish in leaps and bounds. Spaniards of italki! Leave a comment on her Notebook entry! If I might venture a correction: conciencia means conscience. You probably meant to say confianza ?? Great accent btw!!! Paulo from Brazil is learning English Paulo is a Portuguese teacher learning English. Hes really good at it but he hopes that by the end of the challenge he will be able to speak without pausing as much. Paulo, complete the challenge and youll see how much better youll get! Fluency is just around the corner! He wrote down his objectives on his Notebook entry LilBrito from Spain is learning English LilBrito is definitely being too hard on herself, her English is already very good! But she wants to get it up to a professional level, and we commend her for that. By the end of the month she will be able to have job interviews in English like its nobodys business. Any tips? Write them here > Notebook entry Ian from the United States is learning Cebuano Cebuano is a language spoken in the Philippines by 20 million people, the largest native language community despite not being taught in schools (source: wikipedia). Ians goal > to be able to communicate with his family in Cebu, one of the noblest goals in my humble opinion. Do you have any similar stories? Direct them to his Notebook entry! Its remarkable how you can hear some spanish words in the mix! Tony from the United States is learning Korean Tonys goal is to learn Korean so that he can communicate better with all the Koreans living in Hawaii with him. Im no expert, but his accent seems pretty good! What do you guys think? Let him know on his Notebook entry! Sandrah from the United States is learning Catalan Its great to see another italki Challenge veteran take yet another Challenge. Were really impressed with Sandrah as she was one of the Challenge winners from World Cup Challenge. This time she is out to re-learn Catalan (a language she learned 4-5 years ago but completed forgot (or so she says as she speaks pretty fluently in her video below)). Give Sandrah some love in her Notebook entry! By the way, Sandrah is also a Community Tutor as well. Not sure how these guys pull of learning a language and teaching at the same time but more power to them! Liwin from the Netherlands is learning Chinese Liwin is NEW to italki and has decided to take the plunge immediately and learn Chinese. Shes starting a bit late so has some catch up to do. Shes studied Chinese for 4 years but never had an opportunity to start speaking it. At least with the Challenge, shell get 12 hours (or more) of speaking time! Were sure that she will do well though! Pierre Bredel from the Brazil is learning English Pierre Bredel is yet another Challenger champion having participated in our World Cup Challenge! This time around he is going to take on English (he learned French the last time). Cheer Pierre on by commenting on his Notebook entry! Joshua from the United States is learning Spanish Joshua sent us his Public Video Pledge! He wants to be able to speak more confidently by the end of the month, so that he can communicate with other Spanish-speakers fluently. Check out his video below and drop some words of encouragement on his Notebook entry! Buen ritmo Joshua! Mucha suerte con tu desafío ??

So what are these leaderboard rankings anyway

So what are these leaderboard rankings anyway Its week 6 of the italki World Cup Language Challenge.  (Yes, Germany has won the Cup, but a more pressing and curious question remains: who will win the italki World Cup Challenge?). Or, as many of you may be quick to point out, what does winning the italki challenge really mean?  How do I read the leaderboard? Should I boo or cheer? (Cheer is the answer to the last one learning a language is good for you). Offical 2014 italki World Cup Language Challenge Leaderboard Short Answer: The Country ranking attempts to answer the question Participants from which country have taken the most classes during the World Cup Challenge (on average)?. The Language ranking attempts to answer the question Students of which language showed the most dedication to taking classes (on average)?. This latter one got a bit confusing because many of the participants are actively studying multiple languages. Long Answer: Basic Methodology. Trying to put together a ranking of groups of people as diverse as italki users is always a strange proposition very few fit well in easily-defined groups. Ultimately we have had to take some shortcuts to be able to process the data and present it in some sort of a consistent fashion. The top-10 rankings you see have been limited only to teams of 4 or more. By teams here we mean ways of grouping participants. Country teams. The obvious way was by country. Even here, however, we had to make a decision about what counts as ones country, as we have both countries of origin, as well as countries in which our users live. For the top ten by country we decided to allocate students into teams based on their profile listing of the country of origin, add up all their session hours, and divide by number of people on the team. The reason for us using an average was to find a way to rank these teams on an overall metric. So, for example, the average participant from Mexico has spent 19.09 hours taking lessons with an italki teacher. As you can quickly imagine this has flaws. The Angola team wound up beng just one student, who has completed over 50 hours of lessons since the beginning of the challenge. Trying to defray the statistical anomalies like this, but still give a shout-out to the dedicated lone representatives of their countries, we have dropped teams with less than three students. Why 3? Frankly, we needed a number that would not eliminate too many teams, but could still be seen as a team-effort. Yes, it is rather arbitrary. Target Language teams. The math on this just got a little weird. Many of our participants are taking multiple languages. Some are even taking languages which are not listed in our site (one of our more prolific users who has racked up numerous hours in Tagalog is actually learning Ilokano from his teacher- a language we do not have formally listed on the site yet). After loads of hand-wringing and fights with our spreadsheet programs, we have decided to use this metric in a simple and crude way: Your target language team is determined by what language you have studied most of in the period of World Cup Challenge. Then, all the hours that you have taken regardless of language get tallied up and divided by the number of other members of your team. Yup, its very crude. Cantonese and Shanghainese dialects got dropped entirely for example. That said, the reason we chose this approach is: although its easy to tabulate the number of hours in a specific language, it is much harder to figure out how to divide that number to find the average. Do we divide them by total number of participants of the challenge? That would be unfair to the small dedicated groups learning Catalan or pretty much every language but English. Do we divide them by number of people who have at all studied this language? That also yields meaningless results, as it doesnt represent the amount of effort many of our students have put into studying a total of 3 or 4 languages. Ultimately we decided that a participants primary language will be his or her team, and created this relatively abstract measure. What the ranking says is that, on average, people studying Spanish (as a primary language) have spent approximately 7.51 hours taking language classes. Final Thoughts. We do not want our participants to miss out on the glory, so we are planning to do a final ranking by number of hours of all the users who have completed the challenge target. These will be individual rankings, with a breakdown of number of hours learned in at least their top-two or top-three languages. Doing this breakdown every week, however, would be very distracting for our team, and would take away from many other activities that are necessary to keep the site running: community management, customer service, handling the publication of articles, and promoting italki resources to inspired language-learners all over the world. Most importantly, we feel that the real winners of the challenge, whether completers or not, will be those who can look at the before video and the after video, and see how much they have accomplished in understanding another language and culture in avery short span of time. By the way, when your before and after videos are ready, please send them to support@italki.com. Good luck everyone in the last few days of the challenge!

Learning a Language through Open University - by TutorNerds

Learning a Language through Open University - by TutorNerds Open University: Learn a New Language Many students in the United States are receiving As or Bs in their foreign language classes but are not able to speak any foreign languages. Some students are seeking a language partner over Skype but for other language-learners this is not the best option. Students can go through iTunes Open University or OU and take several foreign language courses our Orange County foreign language tutors are here to help. Although students cannot receive any school credit for these particular courses, they provide many benefits for American students wishing to learn a second language.??Students can use the courses in two ways: They can either use the classes as a supplement to their traditional Spanish or French classes at school, or they can learn a language that is not offered at school, such as Finnish or Japanese. A Global Education Global education and a global economy are becoming larger issues day after day. Because the United States is so large, and although we speak slightly different regional dialects, the vast majority of Americans speak English as their primary language (READ: New School: Adjusting to Advances in Technology). A student living in the European Union may travel a few hundred miles from France to Germany while a US student will travel the same distance from California to Nevada. Because of our vast geographical boundaries, we don’t need to speak another language throughout the US. Although learning the traditional Spanish or French foreign language option in high school is good, many students prefer to learn a different language. Students may wish to learn the language of their ancestors or learn a language from a country that they wish to live in, visit extensively, or do business in after they finish college. Most European students learn English as a second language because, somehow, English has become the unofficial second language of much of the world. However, using the lessons on OU is a great way for American high school students to join the ranks of people who can speak two or even three languages. Take Away Some Pressure Although students do not get credit for attending OU, for many teenagers this can take away some of the pressure. Without worrying about a grade or test score, some students will no longer think of it as school and will start thinking of it as a useful skill. Once something is no longer a chore, it is often easier to participate in. Students who participate can progress at their own pace and use only what they need. Remember, there is not a teacher or professor who is checking up on assignments or giving final exams in the traditional sense (READ: Ask a Nerd! Mastering AP English Language). The best thing of all is that the vast majority of these courses are entirely free. Students no longer have to live in any particular school district or be able to afford private school tuition in order to take advantage of foreign language learning services online. Give it a Try Students who want to give it a try may simply log-in to the iTunes OU website on their tablet or laptop. There are many podcasts and videos that can be downloaded instantly without even creating an account. Students who wish to take longer language courses, such as those from a university professor, may need to sign up as a student. Because OU is entirely free, there is nothing to lose by attempting to supplement foreign-language learning education using iTunes U Open University. All blog entries, with the exception of guest bloggers, are written by TutorNerds. Are you an education professional? If so, email us at pr@tutornerds.com for guest blogging and collaborations. We want to make this the best free education resource in SoCal, so feel free to suggest what you would like to see us post about.

The Friday Fun Fact

The Friday Fun Fact The FRIDAY fun fact. Its fun and its a fact! Dont you agree? For those who are struggling with the current curriculum. You might need some extra tuition. Our tutors can make a positive difference to students learning. They can help you achieve the education levels required to ensure that you are able to achieve the highest standards required in this modern society. Why not let our professional tutors help you with your homework, class projects and test preparation. Have a nice Friday everyone!

Montanans Have Always Made an Outstanding Effort to Help Their Students Succeed

Montanans Have Always Made an Outstanding Effort to Help Their Students SucceedThe greatest thing about Montana State Tutoring Services is the fact that they are dedicated to making the best possible use of state funds. The Montana State Tutoring Program was established by a group of dedicated individuals in Montana who understood the need for this program and were willing to put in the effort necessary to help children that would otherwise be forced to find a way to get to and from school on their own. These tutors have a long history of helping children in Montana, but have also expanded to help students in all fifty states of the United States. This makes their service available to anyone.Tutoring services have become so common these days that it is no longer surprising to hear of them. There are tutoring centers located all over the world, but there are also tutoring agencies in almost every major city. The extent of the help that these tutors provide has been measured in ways th at are not much different from those offered by state institutions.The Montana State Tutoring Program is no exception. The tutors at the tutoring center in Missoula will make sure that you are able to complete your homework and do your assignments at the same time as studying. Even though the individual tutors for the Montana State Tutoring Program are paid, the service is not cheap. If you have one or more children enrolled in school, you can even get a set fee and get additional ones to help your overall student assistance plan.After you arrive at the tutoring center in Missoula, you will have to fill out a short form and submit it to them. They will then evaluate your application. If you meet their requirements, you will be assigned to a tutor who will be going to your child's school to help you and your child to complete the coursework that has been given to you.You will probably need to get yourself educated about tutoring in Montana. Most tutors take up this profession with th e expectation that they will be paid for their service. However, you will be provided with detailed instructions from the tutors in case you are ever to opt for any payment plan that might be considered beneficial to you. Some tutors even offer a better rate if you are willing to come along and visit their center.Before you go ahead and decide on a Montana State Tutoring Service for your child, be sure to make a few phone calls. Ask for a variety of opinions about their services and whether you are really getting the best out of the money that you are spending. It is always nice to get a taste of what is being offered before you commit to anything.With so many tutoring agencies offering similar services in Montana, there is no reason for you to be dissatisfied with your choice. Be sure to give these tutors a call to make sure that you are going to be getting the best possible tutoring service out of your funds.

English For Kids - An Online Primer

English For Kids - An Online PrimerThe online version of the learning English for kids PDF course has become one of the most popular courses available online. These kids language programs have been created by providing basic education in English to kids as early as possible. These language programs for kids are designed in such a way that children can learn the lessons easily. The learners can learn the basics of English quickly and at their own pace.A lot of parents are happy with the fact that they can find a comprehensive plan that will help their children to learn English. There are many other benefits that these programs can offer to the learners. These programs provide more than 100 exercises that the kids can do online in order to prepare them for examinations. The exercises can be chosen according to the needs of the children. They can also use these programs in order to improve their English vocabulary and grammar skills.The English for kids is an ideal program for children between 6 months and three years old. The program is available in pdf format. The PDF files can be easily printed on the computer, after downloading the program. It is extremely easy to use. This program can be downloaded from the internet and can be used in minutes.These programs have been designed in such a way that it helps the kids to read easily. Reading can be an important activity in the first few years of life. This program allows the learners to read and understand the basics of the English language easily.The children who have used the English for kids program have benefited from it a lot. They learn to read very quickly. This program provides a complete environment for learning. The lessons are easy to follow and even the teenagers can learn it very easily. It can be used with or without the supervision of an adult.The English for kids provides many other benefits for the learners. They get a chance to meet new people, they get a chance to learn more about different cultu res, and they also get a chance to learn English on their own.The English for kids has been designed in such a way that it encourages interaction between the learner and the teacher. This interactive environment helps the learner to learn English very quickly. The English for kids curriculum includes games, animated presentations, videos and pictures. The programs are excellent at helping children develop their understanding and awareness of the English language and culture.